This antique map, created in 1665 and titled ‘Dominio Fiorentino’, depicts the territory of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany in central Italy during the early 17th century. The map shows various cities, towns, and villages in the region, with San Casciano in Val di Pesa, Certaldo, and Lastra a Signa located centrally. Italy during this time was a patchwork of independent states and kingdoms, with Tuscany being one of the most prosperous and culturally rich regions. It was bordered by France to the north and other Italian states to the east, south, and west. The map provides a fascinating glimpse into the political and cultural landscape of Italy during this period.