This antique map from 1665 titled ‘La Principavté D’Orange…’ showcases the Principality of Orange, located in the south of France. The title translates to ‘The Principality of Orange’, which was a small independent state ruled by the House of Orange-Nassau until 1713.

France in the early 17th century was under the reign of Louis XIII, who succeeded his father Henry IV. The country was in a period of transition, marked by religious conflicts between the Protestants and Catholics, economic struggles, and territorial expansion. Louis XIII’s reign was also marked by the rise of the powerful Cardinal Richelieu, who played a significant role in the country’s politics and foreign affairs. On this map, you can see the central region of France, including the towns of Carpentras, Avignon, and Sorgues, which were important centres of commerce and culture during this time.