This antique map, created in 1665, is titled ‘Terra Sancta’, which translates to ‘Holy Land’ in English. This term refers to the region of the Middle East that is considered sacred by three of the world’s major religions: Christianity, Judaism, and Islam.

Egypt in the early 17th Century was under Ottoman rule, with Istanbul as its capital. The country was a major hub of trade, with Cairo serving as a significant centre of commerce and culture. The Nile River was the lifeline of Egypt, with agriculture and transportation relying heavily on its waters.

The map shows the central location of Cairo, Tel Aviv, and Damascus, with Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan bordering the Holy Land. The region was characterised by a mix of desert and fertile land, with several important religious sites scattered throughout. The map likely depicts various cities, landmarks, and routes important to the historical and cultural significance of the area.